Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel :: essays papers

Like Water for Chocolate Some stories are meant for movies, but then again, there are times when I wish some stories remained stories, unless we had a French film director do them. Laura Ezquivel' s novel is a treat. It stays with you as a fine dessert, or a fine food, and she knows it so well, and revels in it. In the film version, this gets lost because it cannot translate. The twelve recipes for each month get reduced to an occasional side story. In the novel, it is the food that brings about the results, and Tita has learned to make the most of the secrets of the culinary delights. The movie couldn't possibly show us how Tita and her mentor ever decided the reasons why such and such a dish were done for whatever occasion. This loss reduces the richness of the story into a film that is missing a third dimension, but never the less, it is still good. Sometimes the food is sad.... the whole table has a tremendous cry upon eating such a magnificent dessert. Other times the food is so hot that the older sister has to leave to cool off, which is not enough even after a cold shower. And trot off she does in the hands of a military opposite to what the mother stands for. Tita's revenge is working. I, personally, love the writing of Laura Ezquivel, much better than I do the movie version. But I think that much of this problem may have been because I saw a version that was DUBBED and the voices were repetitive, unemotional, and so glaringly bland, that it ruined what looks like a good film. It also appears to have taken away the food part of the whole story, which is as tasty as anything else.... it matches the desires in all the film, but then, that must have not been the reason to make a film, or to distribute it to other nations. Superb performances, if you can get by the lousy translations and often screwy sub-titles. Read the novel first, and then watch the film without the voices. But a great novel, nonetheless... see it and read it afterwards.More and more I see less and less in American releases ... the fineness and rhythm of language are just not there . Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel :: essays papers Like Water for Chocolate Some stories are meant for movies, but then again, there are times when I wish some stories remained stories, unless we had a French film director do them. Laura Ezquivel' s novel is a treat. It stays with you as a fine dessert, or a fine food, and she knows it so well, and revels in it. In the film version, this gets lost because it cannot translate. The twelve recipes for each month get reduced to an occasional side story. In the novel, it is the food that brings about the results, and Tita has learned to make the most of the secrets of the culinary delights. The movie couldn't possibly show us how Tita and her mentor ever decided the reasons why such and such a dish were done for whatever occasion. This loss reduces the richness of the story into a film that is missing a third dimension, but never the less, it is still good. Sometimes the food is sad.... the whole table has a tremendous cry upon eating such a magnificent dessert. Other times the food is so hot that the older sister has to leave to cool off, which is not enough even after a cold shower. And trot off she does in the hands of a military opposite to what the mother stands for. Tita's revenge is working. I, personally, love the writing of Laura Ezquivel, much better than I do the movie version. But I think that much of this problem may have been because I saw a version that was DUBBED and the voices were repetitive, unemotional, and so glaringly bland, that it ruined what looks like a good film. It also appears to have taken away the food part of the whole story, which is as tasty as anything else.... it matches the desires in all the film, but then, that must have not been the reason to make a film, or to distribute it to other nations. Superb performances, if you can get by the lousy translations and often screwy sub-titles. Read the novel first, and then watch the film without the voices. But a great novel, nonetheless... see it and read it afterwards.More and more I see less and less in American releases ... the fineness and rhythm of language are just not there .

A Street Car Names Desire Essay

A Street Car Named Desire deals with a culture clash between the Old South’s â€Å"plantation† mentality (priding itself on false pretenses) and the New South’s relatively uncivilized, yet real, grip on reality. The two characters who come to represent this tension are Blanche and Stanley Kowalski. Blanche advertises herself as a champion of â€Å"Southern Honor. † This entails an unfaltering dedication to virtue and culture. These are not, however, driving factors in her life but only mask her alcoholism and delusions of grandeur. By contrast, Stanley is an industrial worker who acts on habit and structure. Tennessee Williams juxtaposes illusion and reality by depicting the antagonistic relationship between the two by consistently employing symbolism. Blanche is constantly escaping the realities of life by retreating into her own fabrications. Her plummet into a delusional world begins when her beloved husband reveals himself to be gay and, soon after, shoots himself. She falls into a spiral of affairs after this event in a search to find emotional satisfaction and to reaffirm her womanhood. She ignores the obvious detrimental effect of her intimacies because all she wants is to be happy again: to be loved. Blanche physically escapes the reality of her life by leaving Belle Reve and Laurel to go to her sister’s home in New Orleans. Here, she misrepresents who she is and enters another relationship where she recreates her identity. When confronted about her lies, Blanche explains that she lies because she refuses to accept the hand fate has dealt her: I don’t want realism. I want magic! Yes, yes, magic! I try to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I don’t tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth. And if that is sinful, then let me be damned for it! (Williams, 34) Lying to herself and to others allows her to make life appear as she thinks it should be rather than as it is. Her final, deluded happiness (as her sister and Stanley commit her to an insane asylum) shows her acceptance that illusion is an adequate reality, but it also shows reality’s inevitable triumph. The driving force of reality, embodied by Stanley Kowalski, quickly dismantles all the falsities Blanche comes to represent. He is a practical man firmly grounded in the physical world who disdains fabrications. He finds meaning only in the primitive and straightforward: â€Å"There’s something downright bestial about him! †¦ He acts like an animal, has animal’s habits! †¦ Yes, something ape-like about him† (71). An animal would not create an alternate reality for a situation but would act according to the real, harshness of life in order to ensure its own survival. Stanley’s animal habits can be looked at as an appreciation only for tangible truths. In the end, Stanley succeeds in debunking all the false images Blanche created about herself. He goes out of his way to reveal Blanche’s past and then flaunts it in a crude, insensitive way: â€Å"Take a look at yourself here in a worn-out Mardi Gras outfit, rented for 50 cents from some rag-picker†¦ Do you know that I’ve been on to you from the start, and not once did you pull the wool over this boy’s eyes?†¦ Ha ha! Do you hear me? Ha ha ha† (67). Stanley again asserts his bestial tendency, but this time to show his dominance. When he proceeds to physically rape her, he metaphorically strips her of the false reality she created. Williams uses symbolism to show that Blanche is trapped in a life of delusion. The Varsouviana Polka and the use of light are reoccurring symbols that elude to her disconnect with reality. The Polka is the music that played the night her husband committed suicide. Blanche says that it ends only after she hears the sound of a gunshot in her head. It plays at various points in the play, symbolising this event that triggered her mental decline. Whenever a situation gets too â€Å"real,† Blanche firmly believes she hears the Varsouviana, panics, and looses her grip on reality. Also, throughout the play, Blanche avoids appearing in direct, bright light, especially in front of Mitch: â€Å"And turn that over-light off! Turn that off! I won’t be looked at in this merciless glare†(45). It is clear she avoids the lights in efforts to conceal the reality of her age and fading beauty. Symbolically, Blanche avoids light in order to prevent Mitch from seeing her for who she is. She, once again, retreats into her own world of illusion. Blanche is never able to be looked at â€Å"in the light† and exposed. She never faces reality. Both Stanley and Blanche have a hard time relating to the other gender without sexual implications. The difference is that Stanley is upfront about this â€Å"animalistic† behavior towards women, while Blanche tries to paint herself as above the primitive nature of her sexual impulses. We can call one approach realistic and the other delusional, but it doesn’t change the fact that both characters approach interactions in a sexual way. What does this say about the nature of what is real and what isn’t? Williams seems to draw an ambiguous line. This implies that reality and illusions coexist in our lives, and what we choose to label our views and actions is just a matter of perspective.

The Battle Of The American Civil War - 1018 Words

On September 17, 1862, the Union and Confederate armies met near the Maryland village of Sharpsburg in a battle that still remains the single bloodiest day in American history. The battle consisted of many attacks and counterattacks between Union General George B. McClellan and The Army of the Potomac against Confederate Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the Confederates managed to fight relentlessly over the course of the struggle. However, after losing over a quarter of his forces, the following day General Lee pulls his army and retreats back to Virginia, ending the Confederate offensive attack. Although the Battle of Antietam was not a complete victory for the Union, it was a major†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the battle and the Confederate retreat increased the morale in northern soldiers and civilians, including the Army of the Potomac. After months of despair and despondency, spirits and confidence had been lifted in the North. Newspapers and press rejoiced of the great victory and spoke of the wonderful outcomes the Nation will experience as a result for centuries to come. For instance, one daily newspaper, the New York Herald, declared that â€Å"the battle of Antietam has broken the back of the rebellion [and] changed the tide of affairs, and victory now attends us everywhere.† (138) This battle was the first time that the North had fought upon their own territory and soldiers, and civilians of western Maryland, began to feel a deep-seated American patriotism. FINAL SENTENCE Another significant outcome of Antietam was the issuing of President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. Two months earlier, Lincoln had called a meeting with the Cabinet to announce his intentions of issuing an Emancipation Proclamation. However, at this time, for both domestic and foreign reasons, members of the Cabinet counseled Lincoln to postpone issuing the proclamation until the Uni on was again experiencing military success. The Battle of Antietam proved to be the military victory that Lincoln and the Cabinet needed. On September

Italian Cinema Paper - 990 Words

Blow-Up, his second colored film, investigates how man deals with the flux even though he is separated from it. The viewer is first introduced to downtown London. A grayish-black jeep, teeming with shouting young adults, crawls over a cobble stone hill into a gray blue sky and turns the corner. The jeep reappears in a wide street, young adults, painted as mimes, pour from the vehicle and flood the road. A small group passes by the protagonist Thomas, who hands one begging girl a crumpled bill from the back seat of his car. The camera attaches to Thomas, and the viewer stares down at him as he drives through a tunnel. Unlike LEclisse, Thomas is immediately depicted as a moving factor in the flux of reality. The viewer knows his landscape before they know him, and Antonioni tells the viewer they will not know Thomas when the viewer does not see the jeep turn a corner. The viewer is driving blindly into Thomass story and will have to make conclusions based on separate pieces of inform ation. They are further separated from Thomas because Antonioni gives us permission to figuratively judge him by literally looking down at him. Thomass ground position suggests Thomas is a man who functions in human utility and even the viewer, who Antonioni does not know, is closer to reality than his character. Antonioni gives grounds for these assumptions when the viewer watches Thomas, a photographer by profession, shoot two photo shoots. Thomas hovers and yells at his model,Show MoreRelatedTheme Of Neorealism In Ladri Di Biciclette1348 Words   |  6 PagesCesare Zavattini, one of early Italian screenwriters who help start the Neorealism movement in his home county’s cinema once said â€Å" The true purpose on cinema is not to tell fables...There must be no gap between life and what is on the screen.† His screenplay, Ladri Di Biciclette (known as Bicycle Thieves to American audiences) is an artful manifestation of the Italian Neorealism. The film through numerous narrative aspects captures realistic snapshot into the fictional life of a working class familyRead MoreA Brief Note On Journalism And Mass Media Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesRome’s La Repubblica, followed by Turin’s La Stampa and Italy’s business news, Ii Sole 24 Ore. There are a number of weekly papers with a wide circulation and the most influential news magazines, Panorama and L’Espresso. Italy’s sports newspapers and the Catholic weekly, Famiglia Christina also have a very extensive popularity and readership. A statistic shows 80% of Italians actually are said to watch more television for their news verses reading the newspapers for the news. The highest percentageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Sound Designer I Decided Upon1358 Words   |  6 PagesWylie Stateman, a leader in the sound design industry was cited stating â€Å"In cinema, the illusion is on the screen and the deeper it is into the screen the more satisfying and rich the experien ce. Cinema celebrates the visual, the audio is there to provide enough reality that the audience believes.†(Farinella) This excerpt perfectly explains how integral sound is to filmmaking. Without sound design the narrative wouldn t be able to hook the audience and carry the story forward. This synergy of pictureRead MoreItalian Culture and Society Essays1089 Words   |  5 Pagesof life may progress in some ways, it does not totally change. The topic of discussion for this paper will be that of the Italian culture. Who are they really? What types of challenges do they face? Many other topics will be discussed about the Italian society, but first we begin with the basic facts as to who they were. The first few questions that must be answered in order to understand the Italian culture entirely is who they are, where they are located, how they live their everyday lives, andRead MoreThe Western Genre: An Analysis of its History and Rise and Fall as a Genre1403 Words   |  6 Pageswith a sense of nostalgia because they know it was a genre that happened in the past that is now dead. These Westerns have been bent to the point where filmmakers have done every kind of story they could do in the Western structure of cinema. If the pleasure of cinema comes from only predictability, then Classic Westerns should be still premiering in theaters. However this is not true. Barrie Hanfling suggests a reason for the lack of Classic Westerns is because times have changed. When the filmmakersRead MorePather Panchali Analysis878 Words   |  4 Pagestranscend the novel? 2. What are the differences between textual and visual language? 3. What limitations did Satyajit face and what scopes did he have? Abstract: Pather Panchali (1955) is one the finest examples of film adaptation. This paper attempts to exhibit the scope and limitation of film adaptation in the light of the difference between textual and visual language. Chapter 2 A renowned figure and a celebrated name amongst the Bengali literary fraternity, Bibhutibhushan BandopadhyayRead MoreThe Diffusion Of The Italian Identity1972 Words   |  8 PagesItalian Fascism is an authoritarian and nationalistic system of government and social organization, it was the political result of the relationship between socialist and nationalist rhetoric. It is a form of governance which employs intolerant views and practices, advocating traditionalism, interventionism and sameness rather than individualism. In order to promote their totalitarian ideals during the 1930s to 1945 fascist politicians such as Benito Mussolini, who had previously been a socialistRead MoreDo The Right Thing?1388 Words   |  6 Pagesconversations about social embargos. This movie was a daring platform that shows just how distorted ones opinions can be when clouded with personal and emotional interests. This paper aims to dissect the movie and how Lee skillfully crafted the movie â€Å"Do the Right Thing† in the light of social dysfunctions. Additionally, this paper will also highlight different techniques that paved the way for a firm delivery of the film’s message. Lastly, a careful analysis of the film will specify how the power ofRead MoreComparison of Two Films: Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesIn that paper, I will try to compare two films which are A Birth of a Nation directed by D.W.Griffith and The Bicycle Thieves directed by De Sica. After giving the story of the films, I will try to explain their technical features and their similarities. A Birth of a Nation by D. W. Griffith Griffith can be seen as the first modern director, his greatest achievements being the historical epics The Birth Of A Nation. When it was released, it was one of the longest films ever madeRead More Comparison Of Two Films: Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pages In that paper, I will try to compare two films which are â€Å"A Birth of a Nation† directed by D.W.Griffith and â€Å"The Bicycle Thieves† directed by De Sica. After giving the story of the films, I will try to explain their technical features and their similarities. A Birth of a Nation by D. W. Griffith nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Griffith can be seen as the first modern director, his greatest achievements being the historical epics The Birth Of A Nation. When it was released, it was one of the longest

Nostradamus Essay examples - 1506 Words

Nostradamus Biography The following is a biography of Michel de Nostredame, it is a excerpt from Erika Cheetham, The Prophecies of Nostradamus. Childhood Michel de Nostradame, more commonly known as Nostradamus, was born on 14th December 1503, in St. Remy de Provence. His parents were of simple lineage from around Avignon. Nostradamus was the oldest son, and had four brothers; of the first three we know little; the youngest, Jean, became Procureur of the Parliament of the Provence. Education Nostradamus great intellect became apparent while he was still very young, and his education was put into the hands of his grandfather, Jean, who taught him the rudiments of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Mathematics and Astrology. When†¦show more content†¦He had a son and a daughter by her and his life seemed complete. Tragedies Then a series of tragedies struck. The plague came to Agen and, despite all his efforts, killed Nostradamus wife and two children. The fact that he was unable to save his own family had a disastrous effect on his practice. The he quarrelled with Scaliger and lost his friendship. His late wifes family tried to sue him for the return of her dowry and as the final straw, in 1538, he was accused of heresy because of a chance remark made some years before. To a workman casting a bronze statue of the Virgin, Nostradamus had commented that he was making devils. His plea that he was only describing the lack of aesthetic appeal inherent int the statue was ignored and the Inquisitors sent for him to go to Toulouse. Travelling Nostradamus, having no wish to stand trial, set out on his wandering again and kept well clear of the Church authorities for the next six years. We know little of this period. From references in later books we know he travelled in the Lorraine and went to Venice and Sicily. Legends about Nostradamus prophetic powers also start to appear at this time. By 1554 Nostradamus had settled in Marseilles. In November that year, the Provence experienced one of the worst floods of its history. The plague redoubled in virulence, spread by the waters and the polluted corpses. Nostradamus worked ceaselessly. Once the city had recovered, Nostradamus moved onShow MoreRelated Nostradamus Essay969 Words   |  4 Pages Nostradamus nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the 16th century, a French doctor and prophet, Michel de Nostradame, was born. He gained his fame when his predictions of the death of King Henry II of France came true. Nostradamus, as he is also known, wrote a ten volume book, The Centuries, filled with prophecies. He became a man that people from all over the world came to see to seek his counsel. Nostradamus had a life filled with many twists and turns and has made many prophecies that have comeRead MoreThe Prophecies of Nostradamus Essay2788 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract    What if there was a man who could see into the future? He could predict the fate of not only the ones closet to him, but the fate of the world. Nostradamus was a highly educated man in the medical field. But when tragedy struck him hard, he led a life of solitude. This is the time when he made most of his predictions. Nostradamus was a profit who not only predicted many events throughout history, but also helped put a stop to the plague that devastated Southern France during the 16thRead More Nostradamus: The Truth Behind the Prophecies Essay2209 Words   |  9 Pagesin the writings of Nostradamus. For many occasions people have been convinced that this man could see the future and he documented it in his many journals and books titled The Centuries. The writings and prophecies have been a controversial issue for many years. Most Nostradomus translators have more than likely misinterpreted his work because of his nearly illegible style of writings, thus false information is commonly found about this man of the past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nostradamus, a French Jew convertedRead MoreRedemption, a Literary Device: Hey Nostradamus! Response Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesREDEMPTION 1 Redemption, A Literary Device: Hey Nostradamus! Response Essay Kathy Ottaway, 020091223 Instructor Esther  Griffin 10F Cdn. Literature and Criticism - 01 HUMN2000-10F-11296 Tuesday, November 30, 2010 REDEMPTION 2 Redemption, A Literary Device: Hey Nostradamus! Response Essay Redemption. It is a single word that holds great meaning for both the ones who seek it, and for those whose opinions are the ones to grant it, whether it is an outsideRead MoreEssay on Our Decisions and a Predetermined Fate: Oedipus the King772 Words   |  4 Pagestime prophecies have supposedly been passed down directly from the gods unto the prophets. In the ancient Grecian time, god’s word was worshipped and fate was all but fact. In the bible, Moses was one of the most famous prophets. In the 1500s, Nostradamus, who was a French apothecary and seer, wrote an entire collection of prophecies. Throughout history there have been theses men and many more who claimed to know details about the future. Why would so many prophecies become world renowned if thereRead MoreAnalysis Of Hey Nostradamus1514 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I was glued to Cheryl. My arms actually made suction noises when I moved them. I was covered in her blood.†Coupland, Douglas. Hey Nostradamus ! London: Harper Perennial, 2004. Print. Hey Nostradamus is a book that was written in 2004 set in the real world, about a fictional shooting that took place at Delbrook secondary school, and around the Vancouver area. The story is based on four different peoples accounts in a first person point of view. With each person explaining religion, losing loved onesRead MoreThe Satanic Verses And Hey Nostradamus969 Words   |  4 Pages While the sacred can be reengaged, The Satanic Verses and Hey Nostradamus! depict the secular as people become isolated from belief. By exposing hypocrisy and challenging what is deemed sacred, The Satanic Verses and Hey Nostradamus! uncover the darkness within religion, illustrating possible impurity in religious authority and legitimacy. Peter Mullen points out that religious texts have ‘a definitive authority for the communities which accept and uphold them’. Such authority is engaged with andRead MoreThe Satanic Verses, Truth And Falsity9 99 Words   |  4 Pagesshowing a necessity for the sacred. Nothing stands without faith, and replacements of religion are meaningless. Secularism and the sacred define each other and become inseparable. Doubt in Hey Nostradamus! is brought forward by constant misplacements. Rather than doubt of the sacred and the secular, Hey Nostradamus! engages in the doubt of whether good and evil can coexist, especially in religion. Constant doubt can be found in denarration of the characters, ‘all born lost’(146) as a generation cleanRead MoreWhy Demographic Trends Spell Trouble For China And Russia1299 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking predictions about the future. One of the most famous being, Michel de Nostradamus who lived during the 16th century and is best known for his quatrains that were published in a book call Les Prophecies (Biography.Com). Nostradamus predictions that are forecasted way past the 21st century are based on judicial astrology that calculates planets and stellar bodies in relationship to the earth (History.com). Like Nostradamus, today’s futurists forecast the future however, they use techniques likeRead MoreMedieval Times From The 21st Century2110 Wo rds   |  9 Pagesdoctor in medieval times was Nostradamus. He was believed to be psychic and predict the future. Many believed that his prophecies have come true. Nostradamus was a very important person during the black plague. The black plague was an extremely deadly and vicious disease that killed nearly 40 million people during the Middle Ages. Nostradamus is most known for his work during this time. Many other doctors during the plague were using much different methods than Nostradamus. Most doctors believed that

No More Helpings Essay Example For Students

No More Helpings Essay A narrative that describes a young girl’s trails and tribulations while being an involuntary member of the institution of slavery, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl attempts to open many eyes to the world of slavery. The author, Harriet Jacobs, wishes those in north would do more to put a stop to the destructive practice entitled slavery. As Jacobs states, slavery contains a de-constructive force that effects to all who surround it. It tears apart families (both white and black). Jacobs confronts her reader one on one in order to reemphasize her point. In addition, she uses the family and sentiment to appeal to and challenge her 19th century white female readers in order to effectively gain their support in the movement for abolition. What is Jacobs hoping to find? She looks for northern women that will recognize that they have a duty and an obligation to put a stop to slavery in the south, as well as the recapture and trading of runaway slaves in the north. Along with rec ognizing the obvious, Jacobs wants these women to act upon such injustices. To take into their hands the duty of putting a stop this demoralizing, destructive way of life (the slavery way of life). This lifestyle taints all who take part in it with a stench of a repulsing evil. Attached to all involved (good and bad), this devilish smell carries the strength of hatred with it. â€Å"I was struggling alone in the powerful grasp of the demon Slavery; and the monster proved too strong for me† (Brent 54). Jacobs deems it necessary to gain emotional support from her reader by writing in a way that allows her to draw sympathy from the reader. Kindling a flame of passion in all who read this book, Jacobs attempts to light a fire under those who are not impartial to slavery. Intended to spread to the North, this fire does not burn the skin, but torches the spirit. One would call it a pilot light for freedom. Ripping apart families, slavery contains awful feelings in association with it. The stripping of children from their mother’s arms, the cries of a son for his father, the tears a grandmother sheds for her lost brethren; all tear holes in the spirit and soul of their victims. Jacobs knows the sympathy felt from one mother to another when a situation involves losing a child. Knowing this and using it to appeal to readers, Harriet related to them with a strong message of family. Slave families were not the only ones affected. That is why Mr. And Mrs. Flint played such a grand role . In her writing Jacobs appeals to readers through the use family. Grabbing them emotionally, she confronts her readers on a personal level. By confronting their silence, and their inability to stand up for what the obvious injustices taking place. She confronts the fact that someone needs to put a stop to an evil that should not be taking place. She confronts them by questioning their nature as a mother, a father, a family member, or even their nature as a human. Most have no answer. That is, most have no humane answer. Harriet Jacobs, the author of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, attempts to emotionally stimulate her readers. She looks for support. A support that will help put a stop to slavery. Slavery destroys families and morals as well. Why would people remain silent if they have an opinion to voice? Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl motivates these voices to be heard. Jacobs asks her reader a very simple question in order to reemphasize her point, why? Now another questions remains, how much can one people take? Once fed up, people do not accept it anymore. If you were full, would you go back for second?English Essays

Research on hormone growth paper free essay sample

There are several point of views as to whether or not resistance exercise can manipulate or increase serum concentrations such as testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and growth hormones. In turn, it was thought that resistance hormones would increase hypertrophy and an increase in anabolic hormones. To get a full understanding of what hypertrophy stood for, I researched the meaning and it was defined as a cross-sectional area of the muscle cell. The myofibril has an increase in the number of units of actin and myosin, and in turn, have more contractile units to be packed in a single muscle cell leading to an increase of cross ridging. This will increase the amount of force a muscle produces with high intensity and low volume training for strength and power. The Sarcoplasmic is an increase in non-contractile units from moderate to low intensity training with decreased times between sets. An anabolic hormone means to build up and therefore, anabolic steroids are hormones. So, the articles that we have researched are questioning as to whether the anabolic hormones enhance muscle tone following a low hormone intensity resistance exercise and rest or a high intensity hormone resistance training exercise with no rest and additional intensity in another area uch as the leg or upper body for example. The first article is called Elevated endogenous testosterone concentrations potentiate muscle androgen receptor responses to resistance exercise. The authors of the article are Spiering, Kramer, Vingren, Ratamess, Anderson, Armstron, Nindl, Volek, Hakkinen, and Maresh and it was published in the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2009. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of circulating testosterone on muscle androgen receptor responses on acute resistance exercise. The patient type was male. The average age as plus or minus 4 years of 26. All participants were healthy men. The protocol was knee extensions on two occasions separated by 1-3 weeks. The first trial provided rest after the exercises and this was called the control group. The second trial provided a high intensity upper body workout designed to increase circulating T preceding the other trial with no rest. Serial blood samples and biopsies were obtained pre rest; 10 minutes post rest, and 180 min post rest to determine the androgen receptor content. The results showed that in the control group the circulating t concentrations emained stable. However, during the High Trial, there was a significant difference of 16% above resting values. Testosterone levels during the High Intensity Trial were significantly great than the Control Trial. The end result was that the combination of muscle contraction and elevated T Concentrations increases AR content in the high intensity trial by overloading muscle intensity and at 180 minutes exceeding the Control value. In conclusion, there was an increase in acute elevations in circulating T muscle AR content following RE. The Control group did heavy load knee extensions nd long rest periods which did not produce a major hormonal response. However, the High Trial performed upper body exercises on the bench press, bench row, and overhead press exercise prior to the knee extension. This high volume, short rest results that were significantly different when comparing both trials the authors believe that the small patient population of 6 men was not a large enough trial to detect a statistical difference in some instances. It is also believed that in the future, there should be not only larger sample groups but also broader assays of circulating T concentrations. In article two, which is called Resistance exercise-induced in putative anabolic hormones do not enhance muscle protein synthesis or intracellular signaling in young men. The article was written by West, KuJbida, Moore, Atherton, Burd, Padzik, De Lisio, Tang, Parise, Rennie, Baker and Phillips in Journal compilation. It was published in J Physiol in 2009. The aim of this particular article was to test the hypothesis that if a greater exercise resistance program would increase a hormonal response and enhance MPS and intracellular signaling proteins following acute esistance exercise. There were 8 men in total around 20 years old. The men were not in any type of weight lift program. There were two trials on two separate days. In one trial the participants performed a single arm cable curl exercise to work on the biceps. In the other trial, the participants performed the same single arm exercise with their contralateral arm, followed by high volume, high intensity leg exercises using short rest intervals. A baseline blood sample was performed prior to exercising on the arm that was not going to exercise. The participants in one group began xercising immediately following the start of their infusion and the other group sat at rest for 20 minutes while being infused and then began to exercise. In the low hormone group the men performed unilateral resistance exercise with the elbow flexors. In the high hormone protocol the subjects used the same elbow flexor exercise with the contralateral arm followed by high volume and intense leg resistance exercise. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were taken. There were no changes in testosterone, GH or IGF-I after the low hormone protocol, whereas there were increased elevations after the high hormone protocol. The exercise stimulated a rise in muscle protein synthesis in the biceps with no effect of elevated hormones. This article in summary, is saying that transient resistance exercised does increase anabolic hormones but did not enhance anabolic signaling post exercise in the muscle protein synthesis state. In this study the arm exercise preceded the leg exercises. The authors can only believe that possibly the result could have changed if the leg exercises were conducted first, however, they do not think that the data would have been skewed in a different direction by that much. However, if possibly the leg xercise preceded the arm unless the muscle was more responsive to hormones at some threshold of contraction. In the third article called elevations in ostensibly anabolic hormones with resistance exercise enhance neither training-induced muscle hypertrophy nor strength of the elbow flexors the authors that compiled this article are West, Burd, Tankg, Moore, Staples, Holwerda, Baker and Phillips. The article was published in The American Physiological Society in 2010. In this article, the aim of the study was to see whether resistance exercise induced elevation of hormones and enhances muscle strength and hypertrophy with training. There were twelve men. All were very healthy and around 21 years old. They trained independently for a 15-week period on curl exercises designed to maintain low hormone concentration. The other group exercised the same arm and then followed the exercise immediately by a high volume of leg resistance exercise to increase hormones. There were no significant changes in the low hormone group; however, there were significant elevations immediately after 15 to 30 minutes in the high hormone group. Strength increased in both arms, however, interestingly, the increase in strength was not different from each group. The authors then summarize to say that exercise-induced changes in the concentrations of hormones do not enhance anabolic hormone or build-up. There is no question about it. Strength training builds muscle and makes you stronger. I weight lift several times a week for my lacrosse program. My muscles are tighter and stronger. However, there is controversy over the fact that the hormone response promotes muscle building. The research shows that a low hormone condition in which one arm performed bicep curls only verse a high hormone condition where they trained the contralateral arm with the same exercise followed y high intense leg exercises produced a significant elevation in testosterone, GH, and IGF-I and the low hormone did not. However, there was no difference in protein synthesis, muscle growth and strength gains between the two conditions. The researchers are suggesting that the post exercise response has no effect on hypertrophy. The only thing that I can take away from these conflicting views is that there is a hormone response to certain training programs. Assuming that it would be relevant to muscle building. However, the researchers are saying that according to he data that hypertrophy and strength development and growth will occur whether the anabolic response is there or not. The articles arent suggesting that a male does not need testosterone levels to be healthy.